Eddie Lincoln's Birthday

[Tom Emery]

Today (March 10) is the anniversary of the birth of Edward Lincoln, the second son of Abraham and Mary Todd Lincoln, who was born on this day in 1846.

As many of you know, I've studied Eddie's life, and the surrounding personal lives of the Lincoln household, and I try and take a moment on his birth and death dates to think about that.

Eddie died 165 years ago this February 1. To commemorate that, I wrote the following article that appeared in several Illinois papers.



SECOND SON OF LINCOLN FAMILY OVERLOOKED IN HISTORY
Died 165 Years Ago Sunday
By Tom Emery

An estimated 15,000 books have been written on Abraham Lincoln, and some have said that every aspect of the sixteenth President's life has been covered. That statement, unfortunately, is not true, and one of Lincoln’s own sons is a prime example.

Sunday marks 165 years since the death of Eddie Lincoln, the second son of the Lincoln family, who passed away just before the age of four on Feb. 1, 1850. His story has been relegated mainly to scattered references in various works of Lincoln’s life, despite the pronounced impact that his life – and tragic death – had on both of his parents.

Edward Baker Lincoln was born March 10, 1846 to a Lincoln household that was just finding its way socially, professionally, and financially. Abraham and Mary Lincoln had been married for three and a half years when the boy was born, following their first son, Robert, the only one of the four who would live past his teen years. Named for Lincoln friend and political associate Edward Dickinson Baker, Eddie would never know his other two brothers, Willie and Tad, both born after his death.

Indeed, the world of the Lincolns was much different in Eddie’s life than what most commonly associate with the sixteenth President today. During Eddie’s life, Abraham Lincoln was barely a household name in Illinois, let alone nationally. The little boy never saw the Lincoln-Douglas debates, the White House, the Civil War, or the assassination that ensured his father’s place among American immortals.

The Lincoln home was also far different than the familiar two-story frame home at Eighth and Jackson in Springfield. Until 1856, the Lincoln home was a one-and-a-half story, five-room cottage.
No proven photos of Eddie are known to exist. As photography was still in its infancy in the era, that is not unusual. Abraham himself was only photographed once in his life before the age of forty.

Abraham was frequently absent during the late 1840s and early 1850s, as the legal circuit took him away for weeks at a time in the spring and fall. When he was in Springfield, he was often drawn away by political rallies and other pursuits.

Lincoln served his single term in Congress during Eddie’s life, and recent studies have revealed that he was away from home for as much as 180 days a year. Eddie himself was rarely home, as he traveled with Mary and Robert to stay with Lincoln in Washington, as well as visiting Mary’s family in Lexington, Ky.

Some of those travels were delayed by Eddie’s chronic poor health. Some modern studies have argued that he suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, which may have proven terminal.

The boy’s death shattered the Lincoln household. Mary’s well-documented mental instabilities, for which she has been heavily criticized, began to take root with the loss of Eddie, while Abraham underwent a sort of religious transformation.

Never considered devout, he began attending church more regularly following Eddie’s death and formed a close relationship with Dr. James Smith, the pastor who conducted the boy’s funeral. Lincoln’s Christianity remains a hot topic among Lincoln enthusiasts.

Six days after Eddie’s death, an anonymous poem entitled “Little Eddie” appeared in a Springfield newspaper, an apparent eulogy to the lost boy. The author of the heart-wrenching poem was debated for over 160 years until research from Dr. Samuel Wheeler, a renowned Lincoln scholar from Springfield, found in 2012 that the verse was actually reprinted from a poetry volume from St. Louis, published well before Eddie’s death.

Today, Eddie rests in the Lincoln Tomb in Springfield with his parents and two of his brothers. Thousands of visitors pass by his grave annually, most never knowing the impact of the child’s life on his loving parents. History may have overlooked Eddie Lincoln, but to his anguished parents, he was anything but forgotten.

Historical researcher Tom Emery has written an acclaimed booklet on the life of Eddie Lincoln and the personal lives of the Lincolns that sells for $7, including tax and postage. The booklet may be ordered by calling 217-854-3010, e-mailing ilcivilwar@yahoo.com, or by mail at 337 E. Second South, Carlinville, IL 62626.

[RJNorton]

Excellent, Tom!! Thank you for remembering/researching Little Eddie!

[Eva Elisabeth]

I second Roger! Amazing you compiled an entire booklet on him!

[RJNorton]

Dr. Wheeler wrote about his discovery here.

[Anita]

Tom, thanks for the reminder that Little Eddie Lincoln passed away 169 years ago today. Looking forward to receiving your booklet.

[STS Lincolnite]

Tom, thanks for this post. I agree with you that Edward Lincoln has been a forgotten son. I was in Springfield last year and in one of the movies at one of the Lincoln sites (I don't remember which) they mentioned Lincoln's three sons. No mention of Eddy at all. It was like he never existed. A great slight in my opinion.

I do have aquestion for you. It is in regards to the spelling of the little boy's name. It has been my understanding (I think someone told me once) that in all known correspondance from Mary and Abraham that they referred to him as Eddy (spelled with a y, not an ie at the end). I have not researched the primary documents myself but when referring to him when I write, I want to be accurate in so far as how his parents would have spelled his name. In your research, did you come across any doucments that would confirm how his name was spelled by his parents?

By the way, I will be contacting you as I would like to order one your booklets on Edward Baker Lincoln.

Thanks!
Scott

[Eva Elisabeth]

(03-10-2015 03:58 PM)STS Lincolnite Wrote:  I do have aquestion for you. It is in regards to the spelling of the little boy's name. It has been my understanding (I think someone told me once) that in all known correspondance from Mary and Abraham that they referred to him as Eddy (spelled with a y, not an ie at the end). I have not researched the primary documents myself but when referring to him when I write, I want to be accurate in so far as how his parents would have spelled his name. In your research, did you come across any doucments that would confirm how his name was spelled by his parents?
Thanks!
Scott

Scott, here's the first page of A. L.'s letter to Mary of April 16, 1848:
   
As you can see, he spelled the name with a "y" at the end. Now there's still Mary to check...

[RJNorton]

I checked the Turners' book that contains Mary's letters. In May of 1848 she wrote a letter to Abraham (who was serving his term in Congress at the time) and said:

"Our little Eddy has recovered from his spell of sickness —
Dear boy, I must tell you a little story about him. Boby in his
wanderings today, came across in a yard a little kitten, your
hobby; he says he asked a man for it. He brought it triumphantly
to the house. So soon as Eddy spied it, his tenderness broke
forth, he made them bring it water, fed it with bread himself
with his own dear hands, he was a delighted little creature over
it..."

Yet, in The Lincoln Reader, edited by Paul Angle, it is spelled "Eddie" in the exact same letter (p. 148). The Lincoln Reader also includes the the text of the letter from Abraham to Mary written on April 16, 1848 (see Eva's post). In this letter Lincoln spelled it "Eddy" once and "Eddie" later in the same letter (pp. 146-147). (second page of letter Eva posted)

[LincolnToddFan]

The story of that poor little boy always breaks my heart. We know so little of him...he was tenderhearted, and apparently adored his father. Lincoln referred to Eddie in his Farewell Speech to Springfield as the "one who is buried here".

I vaguely remember reading in Kunhardt's "Twenty Days" that Willie Lincoln had been deliberately conceived by his grieving parents in the wake of Eddie's death to try and replace him. Willie was born just a little over nine months after the tragedy.

That was why Willie was their "idolized" child, so adored by them both.

Isn't there at least one photo of Eddie? I am sure I've seen one that is identified as Eddie. He looked liked a mixture of Willie and Tad, imo.

[RJNorton]

(03-11-2015 08:40 AM)LincolnToddFan Wrote:  Isn't there at least one photo of Eddie? I am sure I've seen one that is identified as Eddie. He looked liked a mixture of Willie and Tad, imo.

Toia, Keya Morgan owns a photo which he has identified as Eddie. Please see page 60 of Lincoln: An Intimate Portrait.

[LincolnToddFan]

Yes, that's the one! Several Lincoln scholars and authors continue to insist that there is no known photo of Eddie, though.

Thanks Roger!

[RJNorton]

(03-11-2015 08:55 AM)LincolnToddFan Wrote:  Yes, that's the one! Several Lincoln scholars and authors continue to insist that there is no known photo of Eddie, though.

Thanks, Toia. Keya Morgan has asked us not to discuss his photo here on the forum. I have had previous contact with him on this matter. I have agreed to Mr. Morgan's request.

[HerbS]

Great book Tom Emery!We must respect Keya Morgan's wishes!