Lincoln Poll in USA TODAY

[Donna McCreary]

This question has many aspects. Do we think of Lincoln as one of the 'greats' because of his works, or because of the work of others? Was it historians in the late 19th century who lifted Lincoln to an almost sainthood? or his friends? I have always thought that Mary Lincoln helped establish Lincoln's role in history as a sainted figure, but never looked into her letters to study the matter -- until now.

After Lincoln's death, Mary remained in the White House for over a month. Her letters refer to Lincoln as "beloved," "darling," and "idolized." These terms of endearment would be expected in any letter written by any widow. After Mary and the boys move to Chicago, her letters begin to change, and it was the actions of her friends and family in Springfield that caused the change.
The National Lincoln Monument Associatioin was organized for the purpose of building a large monument in downtown Springfield. They purchased land, made plans, and raised money. However, they failed to contact Mary, and she learned of the plans by reading the newspaper. Mary felt that as the widow, she had a say in the matter, and she wanted her husband's monument in Oak Ridge Cemetery. (No need for details - we know who won that battle.)
In a letter to Richard J. Oglesby on June 5, 1865, Mary wrote that the tomb must be "erected over the Tomb in Oak Ridge Cemetery, in accordance with my oft expressed wishes." And if her wishes were not followed, she planned to "have the sacred remains deposited, in the vault, prepared for Washington, under the Dome of the National Capitol."
Five days later, Mary's language was a little stronger. Again writing to Governor Oglesby, she wrote:

"If I had anticipated, so much trouble, in having my wishes carried out, I should have readily yielded to the requst of the many & had his precious remains, in the first instance placed in the vault of the National Capitol - A tomb prepared for Washington the Father of his Country & a fit resting place for the immortal Savior & Martyr for Freedom."

On August 17th, Mary wrote that her "great & good husband's life was sacrificed for his country."

I would never claim that Mary is solely responsible for Lincoln's image, but her words, written to friends, family, and men of power were shared with others. The newspapers began to print the sentiment as well. Perhaps the image of 'sainted' Lincoln did not rise from the works of historians but from the mouths of his Springfield friends.